Spring has become one of the most used Java frameworks for the development of web-applications. All the new Java applications are by default using Spring core and Spring MVC frameworks. Thanks to its growing popularity, recruiters all over the globe are looking for candidates hands-on with the Spring framework. If you’re appearing for an interview for a Java developer role, Spring MVC is one of the first things that you should brush up your knowledge on Spring framework interview questions – irrespective of whether you’re a fresher or someone with experience.
After all, the Spring MVC framework is the most commonly used Java frameworks, and you are bound to get asked questions in and around the same, in any Java (or any related interview) interview you sit for. If you didn’t know, Spring MVC is a robust Java-based framework that helps build web applications. As the name suggests, it uses an MVC architecture – Model, View, Controller. Spring MVC provides an elegant way of using Spring with the MVC framework. Released in 2002, the Spring framework’s is an open-sourced framework, that means developers all around the world can contribute to the development and further releases of the framework.
That also means that there is an ever-active community of developers out there to help you with your queries. Being open-sourced also adds to the plethora of benefits that the Spring framework offers. Especially if you’re beginning with your career in Java, you’d require guidance, and the diverse community of Java developers ensures you don’t lack any guidance when it comes to working with Spring MVC.
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With so many benefits to offer, there shouldn’t be an iota of doubt as to why Spring MVC is an interview’s favorite topic to question you on.
In this article, we’ll be talking about 15 such Spring MVC must-know questions which you can expect to encounter in any interview you sit for.
1. What is the Spring framework?
Spring is an open-source framework that was built to simplify application development. It has a layered structure which allows the developer to be selective about the components they use. It has three main components – Spring Core, Spring AOP, and Spring MVC.
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Further, you can talk about your experience with Spring, if any. That’ll add a lot of weight to your answer.
Why Compaies are Looking to Hire Full Stack Developers
2. What are the main features of Spring framework?
Spring framework offers a lot of features to make the developer’s life easy. Some of them are:
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Lightweight: Spring is extremely lightweight, the basic version is around 1MB, with negligible processing overheads.
Inversion of Control (IoC): Dependency Injection or Inversion of Control is one of the most important features of Spring. Using IoC, the developers don’t need to create a complete environment for the object and its dependencies; they can simply create and test the object they are handling at the given point of time. Object dependencies will be included or called upon when the need arises.
Aspect-Oriented Programming: Spring supports Aspect-Oriented Programming. AOP isolates secondary functions from the programmer’s business logic. This not only provides modularity but also makes the code maintainable.
MVC architecture: Spring comes with an MVC framework for web-applications. This framework is highly configurable using various technologies like JSP, Tiles, iText, and POI.
JDBC exception handling: Spring comes with a predefined JDBC abstraction layer which simplifies the overall exception handling process.
3. Explain a bit more about Dependency Injection.
Inversion of Control or Dependency Injection aims to simplify the process of object creation by following a simple concept – don’t create objects, just describe how they should be created. Using IoC, the objects are given their dependencies at build-time by an external entity that is responsible for coordinating each object in the system. In essence, we’re injecting dependencies into objects using IOC or Dependency Injection.
4. Explain the different types of Dependency Injections in Spring? When to use which?
Spring provides the developers with the following two types of dependency injections:
Constructor-based DI: Constructor-based DI is accomplished by passing a number of arguments (each of which represents a dependency on other class) to a class’s constructor. Simply, dependencies are given in the form of constructor parameters.
Setter-based DI: When you are working with a no-argument constructor, you will set values by passing arguments through setter function to instantiate the bean under consideration, this is called setter-based dependency injection.
When will you use which one of these, boils down to your requirements. However, it is recommended to use Setter-based DI for optional dependencies and Constructor-based DI for mandatory dependencies.
5. What is the Spring MVC framework?
Spring MVC is one of the core components of the Spring framework. It comes with ready to use components and elements that help developers build flexible and robust web applications. As the name suggests, the MVC architecture separates the different aspects of the application – input logic, business logic, and UI logic. It also provides a loose coupling between the M, V, and C of the application.
6. What are some benefits of Spring MVC framework over other MVC frameworks?
The Spring MVC framework has some clear benefits over other frameworks. Some of the benefits are:
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Clear separation of roles – There is a specialised object for every role, thus providing a clear separation of roles.
Reusable business code – With Spring MVC, you don’t need to duplicate your code. You can use your existing objects as commands instead of mirroring them in order to extend a particular framework base class.
Customizable binding and validation
Customizable locale and theme resolution
Customizable handler mapping and view resolution
7. What is DispatcherServlet?
Spring MVC framework is request-driven and is designed around a central Servlet that handles all the HTTP requests and responses. The DispatcherServlet, however, does a lot more than just that. It seamlessly integrates with the IoC container and allows you to use each feature of Spring. On receiving an HTTP request, the DispatcherServlet consults HandlerMapping (these are the configuration files) to call the appropriate Controller. Then, the controller calls appropriate service methods to set the Model data. It also returns the view name to DispatcherServlet. DispatcherServlet, with the help of ViewResolver, picks up the defined view for the request. Once the view is finalized, the DispatcherServlet passes the Model data to View – where it is finally rendered on the browser.
8. What is the front controller class of the Spring MVC?
A front controller is a controller which handles all requests for a Web application. When it comes to Spring MVC, DispatcherServlet is that front controller. When a web request is sent to a Spring MVC application, the DIspatcherServlet takes care of everything. First, it takes the request. Then, it organizes the different components like request handlers, controllers, view resolvers, and such – all needed to handle the request. And finally, it renders the content on the browser.
9. What is a Viewresolver pattern and how does it work in MVC?
View Resolver is a J2EE pattern which allows the applications to dynamically choose technology for rendering the data on the browser (View). Any technology like HTML, JSP, Tapestry, XSLT, JSF, or any other such technology can be used for View. The View Resolver pattern holds the mapping of different views. The Controller returns the name of the View which is then passed to View Resolver for selecting the appropriate technology.
10. How does Spring MVC provide validation support?
Spring primarily supports two types of validations:
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Using JSR-303 Annotations and any reference implementation, for example, Hibernate Validator, or
11. A user gets a validation error in other fields on checking a checkbox, after which, he unchecks it. What would be the current selection status in the command object of the Spring MVC? How will you fix this issue?
This is one of the trickier questions to answer if you aren’t aware of the HTTP Post behaviour in Spring MVC. During HTTP Post, if you uncheck the checkbox, then HTTP does not include a request parameter for the checkbox – which means the updated selection won’t be picked up. To fix that, you can use hidden form field which starts with ‘_’.
Also read: Top 20 React Interview Questions & Answers You Need To Know in 2021
12. How will you compare the MVC framework to the three-tier architecture?
A Three-tier architecture is an architecture style whereas MVC is a design pattern.
Having said that, in larger applications, MVC forms the presentation tier of a three-tier architecture. The Model, View, and Controller are concerned only with the presentation – they use the middle tier to populate their models.
13. How should we use JDBC in Spring to optimize the performance?
Spring provides a template class called as JDBCTemplate. Using JDBC with this template gives manifolds better performance.
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14. What do you mean by a “Bean” in the context of Spring framework?
Any class that is initialised by the IoC container is known as a bean in Spring. The lifecycle of a Spring Bean is managed by Spring IoC Container.
Also read: Top 41 Node.Js Interview Questions & Answers You Need To Know in 2021
15. What is a “Scope” in reference to Spring Beans?
Spring Beans comes with following five scopes:
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Prototype: Whenever there’s a request for a bean, a separate prototype is created each time.
Request: It is like the previous scope, but only for web-based applications. For each HTTP request, Spring creates a new bean instance.
Singleton: There’s only one bean created for every container, and it acts as the default scope of that bean. In all these instances, the beans cannot use a shared instance variable as it can lead to data-inconsistency.
Session: A bean is created for every HTTP session
Global-session: Global session is created for Portlet applications.
The Spring framework is extendable, that is, you can create your own scope as well. The “scope” attribute of the bean element is used to define the scope.
Wrapping Up…
This was all about the must-know Spring interview questions and answers revolving around the Spring framework – and Spring MVC, to be precise. If you’re a Java developer looking to get started with Spring, there couldn’t be a better time! Read more if you are looking for Java interview questions.
Spend some of your precious time to get your hands on Java Spring interview questions and you will be good to go. Organizations are on a look-out for developers having strong command on this framework – thanks to the features it has to offer.
Also read: Top 20 Kubernetes Interview Questions & Answers You Need To Know in 2021
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Also Read: Jenkins Interview Questions & Answers 2021 for Freshers & Experienced
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In today’s fast-paced financial environment, trading platforms like investxm, AvaTrade, Deriv, and IronFX have become crucial for elite traders. These platforms have revolutionized the trading arena with their pioneering technologies and services, advocating for stronger regulatory measures and transparent operations to safeguard investors against scams.
These corporations are on a perpetual quest to dominate the market by refining their strategies. They employ sophisticated algorithms to improve trading decisions and prioritize creating tailored experiences to meet individual client needs. Additionally, they are venturing into emerging areas such as Bitcoin and blockchain, investing heavily in R&D to stay ahead.
Investxm, in particular, shines among these innovators. Established by a cadre of business and financial visionaries, investxm has risen to global prominence within the trading domain. It is acclaimed for its superior online forex and CFD trading services, user-friendly design, advanced technology, favorable trading conditions, and a broad asset selection. As an STP broker, investxm ensures direct market access, eliminating delays or rejections.
With operations spanning over 32 countries, investxm offers a wide range of products and services, enabling entrepreneurs to make informed decisions and optimize returns. Its features include cutting-edge automated trading tools, up-to-the-minute market data, and advanced charting tools for all levels of traders.
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Investxm serves both beginners and experienced traders, providing access to sophisticated tools and resources. It includes extensive risk management, competitive fees, and educational content to sharpen trading skills. Additionally, it keeps users informed of market movements with news updates, economic calendars, and analyses.
investxm’s trading environment is designed to support a varied clientele, offering different account types, trading tools, and flexible leverage on global assets. Its key offerings include support for news trading, hedging, scalping, instant market execution, negative balance protection, and adaptable leverage according to regulatory standards and client experience.
investxm’s commitment to excellence has solidified its status as a reliable trading platform, renowned for outstanding customer support and clear communication. Its leadership in the market motivates continuous innovation in financial tools, systems, and services, resulting in significant growth and returns for investors.
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In essence, investxm has distinguished itself as a leader in the market, providing a comprehensive array of services and sophisticated trading solutions. Its focus on improving user experience makes it accessible for traders of all abilities to engage with top-tier trading insights and tools. investxm’s significant influence, along with that of its peers, plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of trading.
When it comes to protecting investors on online trading platforms, regulation and licensing are two very important parts. The main goal of licensing and regulation is to ensure that the platform you choose provides a safe, open, and reliable place for your investments to grow.
Before choosing an online trading platform, it is important to know the licensing and regulatory standards that must be met. Depending on where you live, some platforms may need a license from a local regulatory body, while others may be regulated by one or more international financial authorities.
Having multiple licenses in the EU from different regulatory bodies in various places is a strong sign that a platform can be trusted.
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In addition to being licensed by one or more of these regulatory bodies, a reputable trading platform should also be a member of a self-regulatory organization for the industry, such as the National Futures Association (NFA), which is dedicated to protecting investor interests through education and regulatory compliance. To be part of these groups, brokers must follow strict rules about how the market operates and how to handle risks.
Check the credentials of any potential online trading platform to ensure that it meets all legal and regulatory requirements. Also, the same reputation and time spent in business should be given so people can know how reliable it is.
Online trading is a great way to make money, but you need to use the right platform to ensure that your trades are safe and profitable. We have compiled a list of the most reliable and safe trading platforms that you can use now, as long as they have the correct licenses and follow the law:
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The first site on our list is eToro, a well-known social trading network that gives users access to hundreds of different financial products such as stocks, indices, commodities, and cryptocurrencies. This platform offers a variety of features to help traders perform better, such as copy trading and risk management tools.
The second platform we suggest is 365Investings; a financial services provider regulated by the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC). This organization is responsible for overseeing all brokerage firms, stock exchanges, asset managers, and other financial companies in the state.
To protect its clients from fraud and negligence, CySEC adheres to strong regulatory standards. If a brokerage firm stops operating or cannot pay its debts, the regulatory body’s Investor Compensation Fund will pay its clients.
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365Investings has strict rules about honesty and reliability, and it takes the safety of its clients seriously. The company has put in place advanced security measures, such as two-factor authentication and encryption, to protect the integrity of its clients.
The next option is Robinhood, one of the most popular stock trading platforms today. The trading platform called Robinhood complies with all applicable laws, both federal and state, as well as the rules set by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). The website allows you to trade stocks and exchange-traded funds for free, and because it is easy to use, even new traders can quickly get used to the trading environment.
TD Ameritrade is another great option. It provides traders with sophisticated tools and services to help them make the most of their trading. TD Ameritrade is a prestigious and regulated trading platform (SIPC). It has many licenses and registrations with different regulatory bodies, such as the Securities Investor Protection Corporation and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).
The last option is Interactive Brokers, a great choice for anyone who wants access to global markets. The platform offers cheap commissions along with advanced trading capabilities such as computerized trade execution and real-time data from international exchanges.
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This platform, one of the first to allow people to trade online, is allowed to operate in most countries and is regulated by various national financial bodies. The company has a license as an exchange or broker-dealer in the United States, Australia, Canada, Japan, Hong Kong, India, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.
With the information provided, you can choose an online trading platform that suits your needs and provides a safe place to make investments.
Regardless of your trading experience, it is always best to do your due diligence and consider any potential licensing and laws before making any kind of investment.
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It will be easier for you to choose the best trading platform for you if you are familiar with the licensing and regulatory requirements of each. Knowing these basic details makes it easy to ensure that your investments are safe and that your chances of success in trading are maximized.
Your top priority should be to invest with confidence, so before choosing a platform, learn about the licensing requirements, regulations, and other important standards. This will help you ensure that your investments remain protected in a trusted environment.
In light of this, we can say that the key to successful online trading is choosing a broker or platform that you can trust and has good licensing credentials.
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By doing a lot of research on the market and understanding what you need to do to keep your money safe, you can choose the trading platform that suits your needs and sets you up for long-term financial success.
There is no holding back the growth of e-commerce. Starting an e-commerce business has clearly become an appealing concept in this fast-growing market. The good news is that setting up a website and getting started in e-commerce has never been easier or less expensive. One of the first things you must do is select the appropriate e-commerce platform for your online business. And this is when you will find out about Magento, a PHP-based open-source e-commerce platform.
Magento is becoming more and more popular as a platform for building websites because of its extensive features, diversity, and flexibility. Furthermore, there are numerous other factors that persuade organizations to choose Magento over alternative platforms. So, one needs to know what drives a well-known agency to use Magneto? Why do entrepreneurs hire Magento developers? What are the factors that lead to choosing Magento over others? In this blog, we will discuss the features of Magento.
Top Signs Why an Entrepreneur Invests in the Magento Platform
Here are the top ten reasons why Magento is such an excellent choice for your business when it comes to creating an eCommerce website.
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Open-source
Magento is an open-source platform with a free Community version and a premium Enterprise version available annually. It also allows the professional developers to change, modify and extend the source code to add or improve the default feature. Magento offers complete adaptability when it comes to installing the extension and improving the customer experience.
Advanced Features
Magento, in comparison to other ecommerce platforms, has rich tools that help store owners manage their entire business, from product creation to checkout experience and even promotions. Magento has features to arrange a comprehensive business with the majority of the necessary functions to run a store from start to finish. On the other hand, it allows business owners to use the Magento feature set to improve business efficiency and store administration. So, to add extensive features to your eCommerce store, you can hire a Magento developer.
Magento is one the most user-friendly platform used by more than 50% of business owners. Do you know that even a non-technical user can operate it? The non-technical person can use the Magento and interact with the technology and build programs without trouble. And when the community releases a new edition, it becomes even better. It further raises the likelihood of Magento gaining all the popularity and support from the developer community it deserves.
Scalability
Magento is highly scalable, which means it can handle a wide range of business sizes, from small startups to large companies. For example, you can start a modest business with a limited number of products. Magento allows us to expand our business to a limitless number of products. One of the reasons why Magento is the ideal fit for every business type is its tremendous scalability. You can ask any entrepreneur why they avail of Magento development services. The answer will be its scalability.
Multiple stores and language support
No doubt, Magento is used by multiple multi-national companies to operate their business. The key reason to use Magento is that it allows running various stores, including multiple languages and currencies, giving them additional options to expand their market. With it, the business owner can reach out to a vast number of prospective customers all over the world. With multiple stores, the business owner improves the shopping experience and increases the business efficiency in each location where the store is located.
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Security
If you’re thinking about using an ecommerce platform, security is the most important consideration you and every business owner should make. When it comes to Magento, the highest level of security is always assured to ensure that websites are safe at all times. So, what makes Magento the safest ecommerce platform? Magento creates a security center to provide users with up-to-date security information, security patches, security updates, best practices, and quick support when needed. Magento can also help you with important security features like PCI compliance and SSL certificates.
Adaptable
If you ask any industry expert or e-entrepreneur why they picked Magento website development over other solutions? They will most likely respond that Magento offers them a lot of freedom. Magento developers have a lot of flexibility with the open-source platform when it comes to customizing the codes to suit their needs. Furthermore, it provides customers with a high level of exposure to third-party integration with all major platforms.
Performance
Magento is becoming one of the leading platforms in the quest to provide the best possible performance and user experience. Fast page loading combined with efficient query processing improves website performance, encourages users to explore content or items on the page, reduces page abandonment, and increases the conversion rate.
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SEO Friendly
If you run an online business, you can’t afford to neglect search engine optimization as a technique for getting customers to locate and visit your site. Magento helps you to optimize your pages and get them to the top of the search engine results page with SEO support. You can do so by measuring traffic on your page, checking for plagiarism, applying suitable tags, and creating site maps – all with the help of various SEO resources.
Vast Support
Magento the most popular eCommerce development platform, comes with a large knowledge base and a large support community, enhancing its value as a technology to rely on. It is best exemplified by the fact that Magento is an open community that is supported by its users in terms of providing extensions and modules and updated on a regular basis by the developer community.
Final words
We believe that the above reasons outlined in this post will assist you in why one should go with Magento. With these points, we tried to demonstrate whether new store owners should create their websites with the Magento platform. If, yes, hire a Magento developer who delivers excellent services for Magento development. With Magento’s excellent features, it promises to provide you with a fun experience and a slew of other advantages for your organization.
