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A Quick Guide To The Bluebook And How To Use It Effectively

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The Bluebook

Quick Guide To The Bluebook, With the great strides that technology has made so far, the world of legal research has undergone a significant change. 

No more are attorneys, academicians, reviewers, or paralegals required to sift through piles of cumbersome paperwork to access public records, draft legal documents, or manage regulatory risks. 

Instead, they can simply subscribe to the best legal research software and build a persuasive case within no time! 

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However, when it comes to preparing legal citations, many lawyers, students, and legal assistants tend to falter. 

This is because tracing authoritative documents, locating specific arguments, and citing them in a credible format can often be a tough job. 

Not only are you required to go through an enormous volume of court decisions, government documents, federal statutes, and scholarly writings, but you also have to cite them in a highly tenable and meticulous way. 

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To solve this issue, the institutions of many countries have adopted a couple of de facto citation standards that aim to bring about a sense of uniformity and transparency in citing legal sources. 

Do you know what this standard is called in the US? A Bluebook! 

What Is A Bluebook? 

The Bluebook, in simple words, is a book that primarily guides and governs the formatting, style, and referencing of the American legal citation system. 

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Compiled by the combined effort of Harvard, Columbia, Yale, and Pennsylvania universities, this book has been recognized as the gold standard of US law citations since 1926. 

The Bluebook prescribes a uniform format that must be followed for writing typefaces, short forms, symbols, quotations, and other similar elements in legal publications. 

Despite other citation systems, the Bluebook has gained wide acceptance across all the fifty states of the USA. 

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This is because even though each one of these states has its own citation version, they mostly adhere to the Bluebook’s definitive authority in both letter and spirit. 

As a result, most legal personnel today aspire to gain a complete understanding of how the Bluebook can be effectively used to make their citations smarter and easier. 

How Should A Blue Book Be Used?

The two fundamental reasons why you should use a Bluebook are – attribution and support. 

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While ‘attribution’ can help you correctly identify and credit the source of legal ideas, ‘support’ can equip you to direct your readers towards authoritative texts that render strength to your propositions. 

Nonetheless, to accomplish either one of these tasks, you first need to learn how to navigate a Bluebook most appropriately. 

Here are a few tips to help you with the same – 

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Understand Its Contents

The moment you get your hands on a Bluebook, you must start by trying to understand its layout and content. A Bluebook, for most practical purposes, contains: 

  • The Blue pages, which carry a condensed version of all non-academic citation rules, meant for the use of law practitioners.
  • The White pages containing the highlights of academic citation rules, devised to be used by students, editors, and reviewers.
  • A total of 21 basic citation rules explaining the style, references, and layout for citing specific legal documents.
  • A set of 16 tables providing details like citation categories, cross-references, case laws, and abbreviations.
  • A comprehensive index that enables you to quickly locate the exact citation that you want to find.

Consult The Covers

The front and back covers of a Bluebook are just as important as its page, if not more. As an attorney or an academician, you must consult them for gaining knowledge about: 

  • A reference guide to law review footnotes (used for academic citation), found on the inside of the front cover
  • A reference guide to legal memos, statutes, and court documents (used for non-academic citation), located on the inside of the back cover
  • A detailed outline of the contents that a specific Bluebook carries, found on the outside of the back cover

Make A Cheat Sheet 

Once you have gathered a thorough grasp of the fundamentals of a Bluebook, it is time to prepare a cheat sheet for yourself! 

Use this cheat sheet as a generic guiding standard to help you focus on exactly what you need for preparing your citation. 

For instance, you can quickly a create cheat sheet which contains templates for citing the following: 

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  • Court rulings, case laws, or statutes
  • Other records like books, reports, and treatises
  • Sources which are exclusively available online

Get Accustomed With The Changes 

The 21st edition of the Bluebook has just been released in July 2021. 

As compared to its predecessor, this edition harbors some major changes with respect to the introduction of new sections, improvement of previous versions, and removal of irrelevant resources. 

Getting accustomed to such incremental changes, which tend to be made from one edition to another, will enable you to utilize the Bluebook and its citation formats, judiciously and effectively. 

Seek Help 

Before you use any digital research software, you tend to conduct comprehensive research about it. Quick Guide To The Bluebook.

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Be it Westlaw testimonials or lexis advance review – you make sure that you can get all the help you need before subscribing to either one of these platforms. 

With Bluebook too, you should ideally follow the very same routine! 

Try to seek assistance from:

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  • Quick reference covers that contain essential citation formats
  • Bluebook index which lists the location of all the relevant pages
  • Fellow practitioners and academicians who are fluent with the book
  • Other experts who have formalized the citation process

To Sum Up 

The good thing about the modern, digital era is that you don’t have to physically refer to the Bluebook anymore. This book of codified legal standards is now available in an online format. 

Attorneys, legal consultants, and law firms can simply visit the redesigned, mobile-optimized Bluebook and prepare their legal citations with efficiency, quickness, and ease. 

And this is just the tip of the iceberg! Quick Guide To The Bluebook.

The latest edition of this digitized Bluebook also allows you to seamlessly switch between its print and online versions, without compromising with your numbering, content, and layout! 

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More so, it permits you to pin rules, mark pages, and access records in an incredibly personalized manner. 

So, what are you waiting for? Supplement your legal research with the aid of your quintessential legal partner – your Bluebook – Get Quick Guide To The Bluebook now!

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Christopher is a business editor who writes about various topics such as technology, health and finance. He works along with the colourful folks that build a nation through tech startups. He is also a professional football player and video games enthusiast.

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Ontario Sunshine List 2024 Reveals Why People Can’t Afford To Buy A Home

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Ontario’s Sunshine List Reveals Why People Can’t Afford To Buy A Home

Ontario Sunshine List is released every year and it reveals the salaries of public sector workers who take home a salary in excess of $100,000. This year the list features 300,570 names which is 30,000 higher than last year of public sector employees with salaries over $100,000. The Ontario Sunshine list also features five employees working at the Ontario Power Generation who are among the top 10 earners with the province’s highest salary nearing $2 million.

Ontario had passed the Public Sector Salary Disclosure Act in 1996 under the Mike Harris government and the stated aim of the act was to make the government more transparent and accountable. The $100,000 limit was a big deal then.

However the $100,000 in 1996 in relative terms in 2024 will be equivalent to $180,564.97. If you remove 300,570 people on this year’s Ontario Sunshine List for that salary threshold there you drop 279,781 names. In other words there will be many people who will not be able to own a house without help from family or an inheritance.

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In a nutshell it means that employees who take home a six figure salary package will still feel the pinch of Canada’s affordability crisis. The soaring inflation and rising cost of living a $100,000 salary doesn’t guarantee financial security in many parts of the country.

Also, to maintain the $100,000 threshold today, the province should have adjusted it to $55,381.73 in 1996. Ontario has fixed a threshold of $100,000, while the threshold varies in other provinces. Alberta, for example, has set a threshold of $125,888 for government employees and $150,219 for people in public sector bodies.

Not much information is available for the federal government, but a Canadian Taxpayers Federation access-to-information request revealed that 110,593 employees in the federal public service earned $100,000 or more in 2023.

There are a couple of options for Ontario and other governments with non-indexing disclosure requirements. Resetting the threshold to a number that makes more sense today and then continuing to index the threshold going forward seems feasible.

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We also don’t need to reveal the names of all individuals. The government could report aggregated salary ranges by job title rather than disclosing specific names below a second, lower threshold. This would maintain government accountability and transparency by still disclosing who the highest earners are.

As it stands, we have a list that publishes the names and salaries of potentially hundreds of thousands of people who could not afford to buy a house. This doesn’t seem aligned with the original intent of the disclosure act.

Some features of the Ontario Sunshine List 2024 are as follows:

  • The highest paid employee took a pay check of $1.9M
  • Public sector employees were paid salaries in excess of $100K
  • The Ontario Sunset list top position is held by Kenneth Hartwick, CEO of the electricity Crown Corporation with a salary of $1.93 million followed by chief strategy officer Dominique Miniere $1.2 million and chief projects officer Michael Martelli drawing $1 million as salary.
  • Public sector workers were paid counting in Bill 124 compensation
  • 2024 budget revealed that Ontario deficit will triple
  • CEOs of the Hospital for Sick Children and the University Health Network figured in the top 10 list and each drew a salary of $850,000 each while CEO of the provincial transit agency, Metrolinx drew a salary of $838,097.
  • 17 professors or associate professors at the University of Toronto drew a salary in excess of $500,000

Caroline Mulroney, president of the Treasury Board, stated in a release,

“The largest year-over-year increases were in the hospitals, municipalities, and services, and post-secondary sectors, which together represented approximately 80 percent of the growth of the list.”

Also Read: Hims & Hers CEO Andrew Dudum Says Wants to Hire Student Protesters Backlash Underway

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Hims & Hers CEO Andrew Dudum Says Wants to Hire Student Protesters Backlash Underway

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Hims & Hers CEO Andrew Dudum Says Wants Hire Student Protesters Backlash Underway

Andrew Dudum, CEO and founder of Telemedicine Company Hims & Hers is facing flak on the social media after his reported statement that he wants to hire students and protestors who are taking part in the protest in support of Palestinians in Universities across the US.

A number of tech sector founders has also condemned his statements.

Dudum had posted on X,

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“If you’re currently protesting against the genocide of the Palestinian people and for your university’s divestment from Israel, keep going. It’s working. There are plenty of companies and CEOs eager to hire you, regardless of university discipline.”

He also posted a link to a page showing open positions at Hims & Hers.

X users have expressed their disapproval and have even called for a boycott Hims & Hers, and others said they are selling their stock in the company.

Cofounder of Palantir Technologies as well as the managing partner of early stage venture capital firm 8VC Joe Lonsdale responded on X and said

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“Real moral courage doesn’t involve joining a mindless mob, chanting anti   U.S. and other woke pablum, following instructions not to debate or discuss your positions at all yet being indignantly righteous, while large numbers in the mob chant for violence and block Jewish students.”

While Hims & Hers spokesperson said Dudum were not available for comments, old posts by Dudum have been unearthed which puts in context his actions. Days before the horrific attack by Hamas’ terrorist against Israel on October 7, Dudum had posted –

 “In pursuit for peace: Our leaders need to embrace nuance.”

Dudum further explained that he is a Palestinian American and had roots in and family in the West Bank and Gaza and said Hims & Hers’ values are based on a respect for human dignity and life.

Dudum wrote

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“It is upon those values that I believe all leaders and CEOs should use their platform today to call for an immediate cease   fire. To actively recognize Israel’s right to defense and also recognize the means and manner in which they are responding violates international law. I ask us to find nuance, and share our voice today to help save innocent lives.”

Deadly protests have hit U.S. college campuses through last month and protest encampments have sprung across more than 40 colleges nationwide.

Police crackdown is on and there have been more than 1,900 arrests or detainments following a wave of activism at universities across the country.

Hims & Hers is a Telemedicine Company that links consumers with licensed healthcare professionals, enabling access to high-quality care for conditions related to sexual health, mental health, and more. It also offers its own range of products and is in a partnership with Los Angeles-based Hustle & Co. on media relations.

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Also Read: Brazil Dam Collapse Amid Heavy Rainfall and Flood; Watch Video Here

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More Trouble For Microsoft, OpenAI: Eight US Newspaper Publishers File Lawsuit For Copyright Infringement

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More Trouble For Microsoft, OpenAI: Eight US Newspaper Publishers File Lawsuit For Copyright Infringement

Trouble for Microsoft and OpenAI over copyright infringement is not coming to an end, as they face several lawsuits for violating copyrights.

On Tuesday, eight US newspaper publishers sued Microsoft for illegally reusing articles in AI products.

The 98-page long lawsuit further accused the tech companies of attributing erroneous information to the publishers.

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The eight newspapers that have filed the lawsuits include the New York Daily News and the Chicago Tribune.

They allege that OpenAI’s ChatGPT used their copyrighted articles to perfect its language models without permission.

The lawsuit was filed in a New York federal court on Tuesday. The publishers claim that OpenAI’s large language models, GPT-2 and GPT-3, were perfected using datasets containing text from their newspapers.

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The language models are designed to produce text based on human inputs and reproduce copies of the publishers’ works. Microsoft has been indicted for using newspapers for its Bing search index but seldom provided links to the original articles. Four months ago, The New York Times also filed a lawsuit against OpenAI, accusing the tech giant of using data from its past content. It also asked for consent for usage, criticizing the use of full article excerpts in chatbot responses.

The latest lawsuit filed by the eight news outlets also demanded consent and fair value for using their content to perfect the AI language models. The lawsuit alleged that the AI tools literally regurgitate their content without directing users to the content source.

The lawsuit filings stated, “This lawsuit arises from defendants purloining millions of the publishers’ copyrighted articles without permission and without payment to fuel the commercialization of their generative artificial intelligence products, including ChatGPT and (Microsoft’s) Copilot.”

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The eight newspapers that instituted the lawsuits are as follows:

  • The New York Daily News and The Chicago Tribune, both owned by Alden Global Capital
  • The Orlando Sentinel
  • The Sun Sentinel
  • The San Jose Mercury News
  • The Denver Post
  • The Orange County Register
  • The St. Paul Pioneer Press

OpenAI’s Response

OpenAI did not directly respond to the accusations but stated that it takes great care to support the news and media outlets. It also stated it is in continuous partnerships and conversations with various news outlets around the world to explore new opportunities, discuss problems, and seek out solutions.

Microsoft also stated that OpenAI has entered into fruitful partnerships with a number of publishers, which includes The Financial Times, The Associated Press, Spanish conglomerate Prisa Media, and Germany’s Axel Springer.

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